gQ;rjrp
];thkp Fuguhde;jh tpsf;fk;
Mj;jpahak;-1
27-03-2019
KfTiu:
,J xU gpufuz
fpue;jk;. Gpufud fpue;jk; %d;W tifahf ,Uf;fpwJ. mitfs; 1.ghpgh\h-xU
rh];jpuj;jpy; cs;s rpy fbdkhd thHj;ijfis vLj;J tpsf;Fjy; (jj;JtNghjk;) 2.Ntjj;jpy;
KjypypUe;J filrptiuapy; cs;s rhjdq;fis gbg;gbahf njhFj;J $Wjy; (tpNtf#lhkzp) 3.
rh];jpuj;jpy; $wpAs;s xU mk;rj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;L tpupthf tpsf;Fjy;. ([Ptd; Kf;jp
ituhf;fpa rjfk;). (Ntjhe;j gupgh\h, Ntjhe;j rhuk;)
gQ;rjrp ,uz;L tpjkhd gpufuz fpue;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jpy;
Ntjhe;j tprhuk;jhd; mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j E}iy kpff; ftdj;Jld; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Muk;g epiyapypUe;J ,Wjptiu nry;Yk; gbfis tupirf; fpukkhf ghHf;fyhk;.
1. rhj;jpa
GU\hHj;j ep];rak;: Kjypy; xU kdpjd; jPHkhdk; nra;a Ntz;baJ rhj;jpaj;ij ,Wjp
yl;rpaj;ij epr;rak; nra;jy;. mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPLNgW. guk GU\hHj;jk;> khwhj yl;rpak; Nkhl;rk;. kw;witfs;
khw;wj;jpw;Fl;gl;lit. ,itfs; guk GU\hHj;jj;jpw;F rhjdq;fshf fUjg;gLfpwJ.
2. rhjd
epr;rak;: guk GU\hHjj;ij miltjw;F cjTk; rhjdj;ij epr;rak; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Mj;k
QhdNk Nkhl;r rhj;jpaj;ij mila cjTk; rhjdkhFk;.
3. Gpukhz
epr;rak;: ,e;j Qhdj;ij mila cjTk; fUtpia epr;rak; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. FU>
Ntjhe;jk;> tprhuk; Mfpa %d;Wk; gpukhzk; vd;W cWjp nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
4. Mj;k
epr;rak;: ehd; ahH vd;gij KbT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
5. Mj;k
ep\;lh: Mj;k Qhdj;jpy; epiyngWjy;. jd;dplj;jpNy kdepiwTld; ,Ug;gJjhd; Qhd
ep\;lh.
];Nyhfk;-1
vOjg;NghFk; jilapd;wp
KbaTk;> vy;NyhUf;Fk; gad;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfTk; Kjy; ];Nyhfk; ,iwtzf;fkhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
=rq;fuhde;j Futpd;
ghjq;fSf;F tzf;fk;. Mj;k tpj;ahitf; nfhLf;ff;$batUk;> ed;ikiaf; nfhLf;ff;$batUkhd
vd;Wk; Mde;jkhf ,Ug;gtUk; mijf; nfhLg;gtUkhd Futpd; ghjq;fSf;F tzf;fk;.
jhkiuiag; Nghd;w nkd;ikahd FU ghjq;fSf;F tzf;fk;. mwpahikAk;> mjd; tpisthf
tUfpd;w Jauq;fisAk; ePf;Ffpd;w nraiy nra;fpd;w FUTf;F tzf;fk;. fhupaj;Jld; $ba
mlHe;j mwpahik> kfh mf;Qhdk; vd;fpd;w Kjiyia tpOq;Ffpd;w ,e;jnthU Kf;fpa
nraiy kl;Lk; nra;J nfhz;bUg;gtH. ,j;jifa FuthdtH cz;ikia cgNjrpg;gjd; %yk;
mlHe;j mwpahikia ePf;Ffpd;w Kf;fpa nraiy nra;J nfhz;bUg;gtH. Mwpahik vd;gJ
Mj;khitg; gw;wpa cz;ikia mwpahj epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J Jauj;ij> rk;rhuj;ij
fhupakhf nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. MtuzKk;> tpf;N\gKk; nfhz;bUg;gJ.
];Nyhfk;-2
epHky Nrj]hk; -
J}a;ikahd kdij cilatHfs;.
Uhf JNt\q;fs;jhd;
gputpUj;jp> eptpUj;jp MfpaitfSf;F fhuzq;fs;.
,itfs; ePq;fpdhy;jhd; [fj;jpd; cz;ikahd Njhw;wj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
J}zby; cs;s GOit Nghy; cyfk; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. Ntspapy; njupAk; GOthdJ kPDf;F
Miria J}z;btpLk;. mjw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; J}zbiy mwpahky; Jauj;jpy; khl;bf;nfhs;StJ
Nghy kdpjHfs; cyfj;jy; Jaug;gLfpwhHfs;. fHkNahfg;gb tho;e;jhy;> jHkg;gb
tho;e;jhy; kdj;J}a;ikia milayhk;. NjtHfSf;F Nrit nra;tjd; %yKk; kdj; J}a;ikia
milayhk;. ePupy; kyHe;jpUf;Fk; jhkiu kyH Nghd;w Futpd; ,uz;L ghjq;fisAk; tzq;fp
Ntit nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; Mj;k jj;Jtj;jpDila tprhuk;
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
kdjpy; ,Uf;Fk;
mwpTf;F tpNtfk; vd;W ngaH. me;j mwpit miltjw;F cjTtJ tprhuk;. Mj;kjj;Jtk; vd;gJ
Mj;khtpDila jd;ik> guk;nghUspDila jd;ikahFk;. tpNtfk; vd;gJ gpupj;Jg;ghHj;J
mwpit miljy;. cz;ikiaAk;> mNjg;Nghd;W Njhd;Wk; ngha;ia gpupj;J mwpa Ntz;Lk;.
];Nyhfk;-3
,jpy; %d;W fUj;Jf;fs;
tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. mitfs;
1. Tpopg;Gepiyapy; mDgtpf;fpd;w
tp\aq;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
2. mwpT mwpag;gLk; nghUspypUe;J
NtWgl;lJ.
3. ,e;j mwpT xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk;
jdpj;jd;ik ,Ug;gjhy; mitfs; NtWgl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
Vz;zq;fs; tpjtpjkhf Njhd;Wtjhy; tp\aq;fSk; tpjtpjkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Tpopg;Gepiyapy;
rj;jk;> njhLjy; Nghd;w mwpTf;F tp\akhf ,Uf;fpd;w mwpag;gLk; nghUl;fshdJ
jj;jk; Fzq;fspy; NtWgl;L ,Ug;gjhy;> mitfSf;Fs; Ntw;Wikfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mwpag;gLk; nghUspypUe;J mwpit miltjhy; mwpT Ntwhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt mwpT
vd;fpd;w xU t];J ,Ug;gij mwpaKbfpwJ. Uj;uhl;r khiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;w E}yhdJ xd;whf
,Uf;fpwJ mNjrkak; Uj;uhl;r nfhl;ilfSf;F Ntwhf ,Uf;fpwJ. mJNghy ek;kplj;Nj te;J
Nghfpd;w mwpT midj;ijAk; xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;w Mj;kh mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;wJ.
];Nyhfk;-4
Tpop;g;Gepiyia;
Nghd;W fdT epiyapYk; tp\aq;fspd; Ntw;WikAk;> mwpgtd; xd;whfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
Nfs;tp- fdtpy; fhZk;
tp\aq;fs; cz;ikapy; ,y;iy vd;gjhy; Ntw;Wik mwptpy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
gjpy;-[Ptd; fdtpy;
fhZk; tp\aq;fs; ahTk; mtdhy; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt fdtpy; tUk; tp\aq;fspy;jhd;
Ntw;Wik ,Uf;f KbAk; mwptpy; fpilahJ.
Nfs;tp- tpop;g;G
epiyf;Fk;> fdT epiyf;Fk; vd;d NtWghL ,Uf;fpwJ?
Gjpy; - cz;ikapy;
NtWghL ,y;iy. Mdhy; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F xU Ntw;Wik ,Uf;fpwJ. fdtpy; fhZk;
tp\aq;fs; epiyahf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Tpopg;G epiy tp\aq;fs; epiyahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Nfs;tp – tpopg;G epiyapYk; rpy tp\aq;fs;
epiyahf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Cjhuzkhf kpd;dy;> ePHFkpop.
gjpy; - mwpgtDk;
,Uf;fpwhd;> mwpag;gLk; nghUSk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jpy; mwpgtd; ,y;iy ,Ue;jhYk; $l
mwpag;gLk; me;jg; nghUs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;F tpahtfhupf rj;ak; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;.
ghHf;fpwtd; ,Uf;Fk;tiu tp\ak; ,Uf;Fk;. ghHg;gtd; nrd;Wtpl;lhy; mJTk;
nrd;WtpLk;. ,jw;F gpuhjpgh]pf rj;ak; vd;W ngaH. fdtpy; fhz;fpd;w nghUl;fs;
ahTk;; gpuhjpgh]pf rj;ak;> Tpopg;Gepiyapy; fhZk; nghUl;fs; tpahtfhupf
rj;ak;. Gpuk;kd; ghukhHj;jpf rj;ak;. MfNt ,uz;L epiyf;Fk; Ntw;Wik ,Uf;fpwJ.
,uz;L epiyapYk; milag;gLk; mwpT xd;whfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-5
Nfs;tp - Mo;e;j
cwf;fj;jpy; vijAk; mwpahjjhy; tp\aq;fSk; ,y;iy. vdNt tp\aq;fs; ,y;yhjjhy;
mwpTk; ,Uf;fhJ my;yth?
Gjpy; - ,uz;LNk ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;gij ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpy; tp\akhf ,Ug;gJ
mwpahikjhd;. ,Us; vd;fpd;w mf;Qhdk; tp\akhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j mwpahikia mwpfpd;w
mwpTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpypUe;J tpopj;jgpd; kdjpy; xU Qhgfk; tUfpwJ.
ehd; ed;whf J}q;fpNdd; mg;NghJ xd;Wk; mwpatpy;iy vd;W epidf;fiNwhk;. ehk; vij
mDgtpj;NjhNkh mijj;jhd; epidj;Jg; ghHf;f KbAk;> Qhgfg;gLj;jp nrhy;yKbAk;.
,e;j Qhgfk;gLj;jp ghHg;gjpypUe;J mq;Nf tp\aKk;> mwpTk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W
epiyehl;lg;gLfpwJ.
n]s\{g;j – Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpy;
jNkh Nghj` -
mwpahikapDila mwpT
];k;Ujp gNtj; -
Qhgfg;gLj;jp ghHf;f KbfpwJ.
]h –me;j QhgfkhdJ
mtGj;jp tp\ah – Vw;fdNt mDgtpf;fgl;l tp\ak;
jj; - MfNt
jjh – mg;NghJ
jk` mtGj;jpk; -
mwpahikahdJ mDgtpf;fgl;Ls;sJ.
];Nyhfk;-6
]` Nghj` - me;j mwpT
Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpy; cs;s mwpahikia mwpe;j mwpT.
Tp\ahjp gpd;d` -
mwpahikapypUe;J> tp\aj;jpypUe;J NtWgl;lJ
e Nghjhj; - ,e;j mwpT
[hf;uj; epiyapy; Vw;gLk; mwpitf;fhl;bYk; Ntwy;y
]tg;d Nghjtj; - fdT
epiyapy; milAk; mwpT> tpopg;G epiyapy; Vw;gLk; mwpitf;fhl;bYk; Ntwy;yhjjhf
,Ug;gJ Nghy
Vtk; - ,t;tpjj;jpy;
];jhd j;uNa mgp Vf` -
%d;W epiyfspYk; xNu xU mwpTjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ
jj; tpjjpdhepj;u -
,Jnghy vy;yh ehl;fspYk; mwpT xd;whfjhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-7
,jpy; ]k;tpj;
(irjd;ak;) ];tak; gpufhrk;> epj;ak; vd;W epiyehl;lg;gLfpwJ.
khjq;fs;> tUlq;fs;>
fy;gq;fs; Nghd;w tpjtpjkhd fhyq;fspYk;> nrd;w> ,Uf;fpd;w> tug;Nghfpd;w
fhyq;fspYk; xd;whd ,e;j mwpT Njhd;Wtjpy;iy> moptJkpy;iy.
Xd;W vd;W
nrhy;Yk;NghJ mjw;F Ntwhf vJTk; ,y;iynad;Wk;> gpwg;Gk;> ,wg;Gk; ,y;iy vd;W
cWjpahfpwJ.
V\hk; ];tak; g;ugh`h -
,J jhdhf gpufhrpj;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
ve;jg;nghUspDila
,Ug;ig VjhtJ xU fUtpiaf; nfhz;Ljhd; mwpa KbAk;. ,e;j ]k;tpj; mwptjw;F ve;j
gpukhzKk; Njitapy;iy jhNd tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-8
cz;ikapNy ehk; ehd;
vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpjtpjkhd tifapy; ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy; nghUl;gLj;JfpNwhk;. Mj;khit
ahuhYk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ. mwpahkYk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ehd; vd;fpd;w Mj;kh Mde;j
];t&gkhf vg;gb Gupe;J nfhs;s KbAk;?
ek; kdjpy; Mir vd;w
czHT ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j Mirf;Fupa tp\ak; vd;dntd;W Nfl;Fk; NghJ me;j
tp\aj;jpypUe;J fpilf;fpd;w Rfk;> Mde;jk; vd;W gjpy; fpilf;fpwJ. ehk;
tpUk;Gfpd;w tp\aj;jpy; Rfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNtjhd; mij tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,jpypUe;J
ehk; Mde;jj;ijjhd; cz;ikahf tpUk;GfpNwhk;. mij nfhLf;Fk; tp\aj;jpy; my;y vd;gij
Gupe;J nfhs;syhk;. xU nghUspypUe;J Mde;jk; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;why; mij ntWj;J
xJf;fptpLNthk;. vq;F vJ tpUg;gj;jpw;Fupa tp\aNkh mjpy; Rfk; Mde;j ];t&gk;.
ehd; ahiu ,e;j cyfj;jpy; mjpfkhf Nerpf;fpNwd; vd;W Nfl;lhy; vy;NyhUk;
jd;idj;jhd; nrhy;thHfs;. ,e;j ,uz;L thf;fpaj;ij NrHj;Jg; ghHj;jhy; vd;dplj;jpy;jhd;
Mde;jk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ njspthf njupAk;. vdNt ehd; Mde;j ];t&gkhf ,Uf;fpNwd;
vd;W mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
Nfs;tp: ehd; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; vd;id
Nerpg;gJ fpilahJ. vd;idNa rpy rkaq;fspy; Jd;GWj;jpf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vd;kPJ
Nfhgg;gLfpNwd;. rpyH jd;ijNa mopj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ,g;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ vg;gb
xUtd; jd;idNa Mde;j ];t&gk; vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhs;s KbAk;?
gjpy;: ek;ikNa ehk; tUj;jpf;nfhs;tJk;>
mopj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; ek; kPJs;s mjpf md;igNa fhl;LfpwJ. Cjhuzkhf ehk; mjpf md;G
fhl;Lk; Foe;ij ed;F gbf;ftpy;iynad;why; Nfhgg;gLfpNwhk;> jz;bf;fpNwhk;.
Mdhy; gf;fj;JtPl;L Foe;ij ,Njkhjphp ,Ue;jhy; mjd;kPJ Nfhgg;gl khl;Nlhk;. mJNghy
rpy #o;epiyfshy;jhd; ehk; ek;ik Jaug;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpNwhk;. ,e;j Jauj;ij jd;
kPJ Vw;wp itj;Jf;nfhz;L ,t;thW ele;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. ,J jd;kPJ itj;jpUf;Fk; mstpl
Kbahj md;G ,Ug;gjdhy;jhd; ,t;thW ele;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. #o;epiyiaj;jhd; ehk;
ntWf;fpNwhNk jtpu ek;ik my;y vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
Gu g;Nukah];gjk; aj`
- Mj;kh Nkyhd tpUg;gj;jpw;Fupa tp\akhf ,Ug;gjdhy;
g;Nuk Mj;kdp
<\;aNj – md;ghdJ jd;dplj;jpy; mwpag;gLfpwJ.
Kh e mGtk; - ehd;
,y;yhky; NghNtdhf vd;w epiy Ntz;lhk;. ehd; vd;Wk; ,Ug;Ngdhf.
g;Uahtk; - ehd;
vd;Wk; eykhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;gkhdJ jd;dplj;jpNy mwpag;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-9
Nfs;tp – Gj;jpud;> kidtp> nrhj;J
Nghd;witfs; Mde;j ];t&gkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Vndd;why; mitfs; Mj;khit Nghy
tpUk;gg;gLfpwJ.
gjpy; - cz;ikapy;
ahUk; ahirANk Nerpg;gJ fpilahJ. cd;id kl;Lk;jhd; Nerpf;fpwha;. ehk; Nerpf;fpd;w
nghUNshL rk;ge;jk; itj;J ,Ug;gjhy; mJ Nerpf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j rk;ge;jk;
nrd;Wtpl;lhy;me;jg; nghUspd; kPJs;s MirAk; nrd;WtpLk;. me;jg; nghUspy; ehd;
vd;W epidg;G ,Ug;gjhy; Nerpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ehd; vd;w rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhj nghUl;fs;
kPJ cjhrPddhf ,Ug;ghHfs;. ahUk; ek;ik Nerpf;f KbahJ> ehKk; ahiuAk; Nerpf;f
KbahJ.
Mj;kd];J fhkha
]Htk; g;upak; gtjp (g;U.cep)
jd;id tpUk;Gtjdhy;jhd;
kw;wijAk; tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.
Mj;kh j;u\;lt;ah – Mj;khit mwptJjhd; rhj;jpakhfpd;wJ. mij mwpa cjTk;
rhjdq;fshtJ rputzk;> kddk;> epjpj;ah]dk;.
md;aj;u – ve;j md;ghdJ Gj;jpud; Nghd;w
Ntwplj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf njupfpwNjh
jj; g;Nuk – me;j md;ghdJ
Mj;khHjk; - mitfspy;
ehd; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gjhy;
;cd;dplj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
Mde;jk; ve;j epge;jidf;Fk; cl;gl;ljy;y. Vndd;why; ehd; Mde;j ];t&gkhfNt
,Uf;fpNwd;.
Mj;kdp – jd;dplj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w md;G>
jd;id Nerpf;fpd;w md;G
e Vtk; md;ahHj;jk; -
NtW ve;j fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk; my;y. kw;wtHfSf;fhf my;y. mJ ,ay;ghdJ.
Mj` - MfNt> vd;id
Nerpg;gjw;F epge;jidNaJk; ,y;yhJ ,Ug;gjdhy;
jj gukk; - me;j md;G
NkyhdJ> vy;iyaw;wJ (epujp]ak;)
Njd – mjdhy;
Mj;kd` gukhde;jjh – Mj;khTf;F ];t&gk; Nkyhd
Mde;jkhf ,Ug;gJ epiy ehl;lg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-10
,j;jk; - ,t;tpjk;
Mj;kh ]j;rpj;guhde;j – Mj;khjhd; (ehd;) ]j;>rpj;>
Nkyhd Mde;j ];t&gkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W
Af;jpah – Af;jpia gad;gLj;jp tpsf;fg;gl;lJ.
jjhtpjk; - mt;tpjNk
gug;u`;k – Nkyhd gpuk;kj;jpd; ];t&gk;
,JNtjhd;
jNah: r If;fpak; -
,e;j ,uz;Lf;FkpilNa cs;s If;fpaj;ij> xd;W vd;w jd;ikahdJ
];Uj;ae;j – Ntjhe;jj;jpy;
cgjp]a` -
cgNjrpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-11
Nfs;tp1 - ehd;
Mde;j ];t&gk; vd;why; Vd; Jauj;ij mDgtpf;fpNwd;?
Mde;j ];t&gk; gpufhrpf;fpwjh
,y;iyah?
Nfs;tp2
- tpsq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwjh ,y;iyah? tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhy; Vd; Mde;jj;ij ntspNa
cs;s tp\aq;fspy; ehLfpNwhk;?
Nfs;tp3
- tpsq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;why; cd;dplj;jpy; cdf;F gpupaNk Vw;glhJ. Mdhy;
eP cd;id Nerpf;fpwha;. mJ vg;gb rhj;jpakhfpwJ? vdNt Mj;kh Mde;j ];t&gkhd
jd;ik fpilahJ.
gjpy; Mj;kh tpsq;fpf; nfhz;LkpUf;fpwJ. tpsq;fhkYk;
,Uf;fpd;wJ. vg;gb xU nghUs; ,e;j ,uz;L jd;ikfSld; ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;w re;Njfk;
tUfpd;wJ.
mghNd
e guk; g;Nuk – cdf;F Mj;khtpDila Mde;j
];t&gk; tpsq;ftpy;iynad;why;> cd;dplj;jpy; Nkyhd Mde;jk; ,Uf;fhJ.
cd;idNa Nerpf;f KbahJ.
gh4Nd – Mj;kh tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ ntspNa cs;s
tp\aq;fspy; Mir ,Uf;fhJ.
mj` - NkNy $wg;gl;l
fUj;Jf;fspypUe;J
mn]s - ,e;j Mj;kh>
gugpuk;kd; Mde;j ];t&gk; vd;gJ ep&gzkhfpwJ.
gukhde;j jjhj;kd` -
Mj;khtpDila Mde;j ];t&gkhdJ
ghNd mgp mgh4jh
– tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj
tpsq;fhkYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,jpypUe;J xU nghUs;
vg;gb mwpe;Jk; mwpahky; ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;w re;Njfk; vOfpd;wJ.
];Nyhfk;-12
xU nghUs; xNu
fhyj;jpy; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Lk;> tpsq;fhkYk; ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;gij cjhuzj;jpd;
%yk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whH. mjhtJ rhjhuz mwptpdhy; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gij
czuyhk;. tpNr\khd mwptpdhy; tpsq;fhky; ,Ug;gij czuyhk;.
g;ugpge;jk; - jil
Ntjj;ij mj;aadk;
nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w khztHfspd; nkhj;j rg;jj;jpw;F eLNt jd;Dila kfd;
cr;rhpf;Fk; rg;jk; kl;Lk; je;ijf;F Nfl;fpwJ> Mdhy; jdpahf Nfl;ftpy;iy mJNghy
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ> tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;Jk; tpsq;fhkYk;
,Uf;fpd;wJ. jilNaw;gLk; NghJ ,e;j epiy Vw;gLk;.
];Nyhfk;-13
,jpy; g;ujpge;jk;
vd;w nrhy;ypDila yl;rzk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Gpugpge;jk; vd;gJ ,Uf;fpd;w>
tpsq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJk;> tptfhuj;jpw;F jFjpahd nghUsplj;jpy;
jk; fpu];a – me;j tptfhuj;ij ePf;fp
tpUj;j];a j];a – mjDila tpNuhjkhdij
cj;ghjdk; cr;aNj – cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ vd;W
nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ
mjhtJ ,y;yhjij>
tpsq;fhjij Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. (c-k;) ,utpy; el;rj;jprj;ij ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W
$Wfpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; gfypy; ,y;iy vd;W $WfpNwhk;. Vnddpy; mjd; ,Ug;Gf;F>
gpufhrpg;gjw;F #upa xsp jilahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,UshdJ jilahf ,Ue;J nghUl;fis
njupahky; nra;JtpLfpwJ. rputzk;> kddk; vd;w rhjdq;fs; %yk; Mj;k Qhdj;ij
mile;jhYk;> kdkhdJ ruPuj;ij ehd; vd;W mgpkhdj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjw;F jilahf
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
];Nyhfk;-14
fhuz gujpge;jk; -
gpujp;ge;jk; fhuzj;jpy; ghHf;Fk; NghJ mJ fhuzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspg;gLk;
tp\aj;jpw;F jilahf ,Uj;jy;.
fhupa gpujpge;jk; -
fhupa cw;gj;jpf;F jilahf ,Ug;gJ
Gj;u j;tzp ];Unjs – kfDila Fuiy Nfl;Fk; tp\aj;jpy;
]khd mgp4`hu:
- vy;NyhUk; NrHe;J tha;tpl;L gbj;jy;
j];a N`J – jilahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
,` - ,q;F>
Mj;khtpDila Mde;j ];t&gk; vd;w tp\aj;jpy;
Mdhjp mtpj;ah Vt – fhyk; fhykhf ,Uf;fpd;w mwpahik
t;aNk` Vf epge;jdk; -
xU tpNr\khd Nkhfj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUf;fpd;w fhuzk;
mdhjp`p – gpuk;kj;ij Fwpf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j
nrhy; Fwpf;fpd;w nghUshdJ> mjd; ,Uj;jYf;F vJTk; fhuzkpy;iy vd;gjhFk;. ,e;j
,lj;jpy; mwpahikapd; Muk;gj;ij nrhy;yKbahJ vd;W vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
ek;kplj;jpypUe;J mwpahik vg;nghOjpypUe;J ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. mwpit
mile;J ,e;j mwpahikia ePf;fp tplyhk;. ,e;j mwpahik kiwf;Fk; nraiy kl;Lk;
nra;tjpy;iy> Nkhfj;ijAk; cz;L gz;ZfpwJ.
t;ahNkh` - tpguPj
vz;zk;> vjpHkiwahd mwpit nfhLj;jy;.
cz;ikapy; ,Uf;fpd;w
xd;wpd; Nky; Ntnwhd;iw ghHf;Fk; epiyia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
epge;jdk; - fhuzk;
,e;j mtpj;ahdJ
gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Mj;khtpd; Mde;j ];t&gj;ij KotJkhf kiwf;fhky;
nghjthd mk;rj;ij kl;Lk; fhl;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; tpNr\ mk;rkhd ehNd Mde;j
];t&gk; vd;w mk;rj;ij kiwf;fpwJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; ruPuNk ehd; vd;w> kdNk
ehd; vd;w tpguPjkhd Qhdj;ij nfhLj;JtpLfpwJ. ,jdhy; kdJf;F tUk; Fiwia Nghf;fp
nfhs;s> clYf;F tUk; Fiwia Nghf;fpf; nfhs;s Rfk; jUfpd;w tp\aj;ij Nehf;fp
kdk; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,jpypUe;J ek;kplj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; njupe;Jk;> njupahkYk;
,Uf;fpd;w mwpT epiyia ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mtpj;ahdJ tpsf;Ftjw;F
];U\;bia ,dpf; $wg;NghfpwhH.
];U\;b tprhuk; njhlf;fk;
];Nyhfk;-15
mtpj;ahtpd; %yk;
gpufpUjp vd;W mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwhH. gpufpUjp %d;W yl;rzq;fis cilaJ vd;gij
tpsf;FfpwhH. mitfs; 1.gpuk;kj;jpd; gpujpgpk;gj;Jld; $baJ> 2.mwpT
];t&gkhdJ> 3.Mde;j ];t&gkhdJ MFk;. ,J rj;Jt> uN[h> jNkh
vd;fpd;w %d;W Fzq;fSld; $bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; ,J ,uz;L tpjkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rj;Jt
gpujhdk;> u[]; gpujhdk; Mfpait ,e;j ,uz;L tifahFk;. jNkh gpujhdkhf ,Uf;Fk;
NghJ [lkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rj;Jt gpujhdkhf ntspg;gLk; NghJ u[];> jk]; ntspg;ghLfis
mlf;fp itj;J rj;Jtj;ij kl;Lk ntspgLj;JfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-16
rj;Jt gpujhd gpufpUjp
Rj;j gpufpUjp vd;Wk;> u[]; gpujhd gpufpUjp mRj;j gpufpUjp vd;Wk;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Rj;j rj;Jt gpufpUjp nray;gLk; NghJ khah vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
mRj;j gpufpUjp nray;gLk; NghJ mtpj;ah vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. khiaAk; mtpj;ah vd;W
fUjg;gLfpwJ. Mj;khtpd; gpujpgpk;gj;Jld; $ba khiaia jd; trj;jpy; itj;jpUg;gtH
<];tudhfpwJ. ,tH vy;yhk; mwpe;jtuhf ,Uf;fpwhH.
];Nyhfk;-17
mtpj;ahtpd; trj;jpy;
,Ug;gtd; [Ptd;. mtpj;ahtpYs;s Ntw;Wikapdhy; [PtHfs; gytifahf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
mjdhy; mtpj;ahthdJ [PtDila fhuz ruPukhfpwJ. ,e;j fhuz ruPuj;jpy; mgpkhdk;
cilatid gpuhf;Qd; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. gpuhfQd; mwpTilatd;> Qhd];t&gp>
vJTkpy;yhky; mwpahikapy; kl;Lk; ,Ug;gtd;
];Nyhfk;-18
<];tuDila
fl;lisahy; [PtHfSila Nghfj;jpw;F Ie;J #l;Rk G+jq;fs; cUthapd. mitfs; Mfhrk;>
fhw;W> mf;dp> ePH> epyk; MfpaitfshFk;. ,itfs; jNkh Fz gpujhdkhf
,Ue;jhYk; kw;w ,U Fzq;fshd rj;Jtk;> u[]; Mfpa ,uz;L Fzq;fSk; NrHe;jpUf;Fk;.
];Nyhfk;-19
,e;j #l;Rk G+jq;fspd;
rj;Jt mkrj;jpd; Jizf;nfhz;L KiwNa fhJ(Nfl;Fk; rf;jp)> Njhy;(njhl;LzUk;
rf;jp)> fz;(ghHf;Fk; rf;jp)> ehf;F(Ritf;Fk; rf;jp)> %f;F(EfUk; rf;jp)
Mfpa Ie;J QhNde;jpupaq;fs; Njhd;wpd.
Mfhrk; - rg;jk; -
Nfl;Fk; rf;jp
thA – njhLjy; - njhl;LzUk; rf;jp
mf;dp - &gk; -
ghHf;Fk; rf;jp
ePH – Rit – Ritf;Fk; rf;jp
epyk; - thrid – EfUk; rf;jp
];Nyhfk;-20
,e;j #l;Rk G+jq;fspd;
rj;Jt mk;rq;fs; NrHe;J me;jf;fuzk; Njhd;wpaJ. me;jfuzkhdJ vz;zq;fspd;
khw;wj;ijg; nghWj;J ,uz;lhf gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ. mitfs; kdk;> Gj;jpahFk;. kdkhdJ
re;Njfg;gLtJ> Muha;r;rp nra;tJ Mfpa Fzq;fis cilaJ. jPHkhdk; nra;fpd;w Fzj;ij
cilaJ Gj;jpahFk;.
Tprhuk;: ,Jth> mJth vd;W rpe;jpg;gNj
re;Njfk;. ,uz;L gf;fj;jpYk; cs;s #oepiyfspl ,J ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
Af;jpapd; %ykhf njhlHe;J rpe;jpg;gJ tprhukhFk;. rpj;jk; kdNjhL NrHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
mfq;fhuj;ij Gj;jpNahL NrHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
rpj;jk; - ]kuzk;> vz;zg;gjpTfs;>
epidj;Jg;ghHf;Fk; rf;jp
mfq;fhuk; - fHtk; nfhs;s nra;tJ
];Nyhfk;-21
Nraiy cw;gj;jp
nra;fpd;w ,e;jpupaq;fs; fHNke;jpupaq;fs;.
Mfhrk;
- uN[h Fzk; - thf;F> NgRjy;
thA - uN[h Fzk; - ghzp – iffs;
mf;dp
- uN[h Fzk; - ghj3 - fhy;fs;
ePH - uN[h Fzk; - ghA – kyk; fopf;Fk; cWg;G
epyk;
- uN[h Fzk; - cg];j` - rpWePH fopf;Fk;
cWg;G
,it
Ie;Jk; #l;Rk G+jq;fspDila uN[h Fzj;jpypUe;J KiwNa fHNke;jpupaq;fshd NgRjy;>
elj;jy;> nray; nra;jy;> kyk; fopj;jy;> rpWePH fopj;jy; Njhd;wpd.
];Nyhfk;-22
#l;Rk G+jq;fspd; uN[h
Fz mk;rq;fnsy;yhk; NrHe;J gpuhzd; Njhd;wpaJ. ,e;jg; gpuhzd; mjd; nraypd;
mbg;gilapy; Ie;jhf gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ. mitfs; gpuhzd;> mghdd;> rkhdd;>
cjhdd;> tpahdd; MFk;. Xt;nthU gpuhzdpd; ,Ug;gplKk;> nraYk; fPNo
nfhLf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
gpuhzd;
- ,jak; -
%r;Rf;fhw;W cs;Ns ,Oj;J ntspNa tpLtJ
mghdd; - Fjk; -
fopTfis ntspNaw;WtJ
rkhdd; - ehgp -
rhg;gpl;lij nrupkhdk; nra;tJ
cjhdd; - fz;lk; -
kuz fhyj;jpy; vy;yh #l;Rk rf;jpfis clYf;F
ntspNa nfhz;L nry;tJ
tpahdd;
- ruPuk; KOtJk; tpahgpj;jpUj;jy; -
cjpuj;ij clypYs;s vy;yh cWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; vLj;Jr; nry;Yjy;
,t;tpjk;
gpuhzz Ie;J topahf gpupe;J nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-23
Ie;J
QhNde;jpupaq;fs;> Ie;J fHNke;jpupaq;fs;> Ie;J gpuhzd;fs;> kdk;>
Gj;jp Mfpa gjpNdhU rf;jpfSk; NrHe;J #l;Rk ruPuk; vd;Wk;> ypq;f ruPuk; vd;Wk;
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j #l;rk ruPuk; Mj;khtpDila ];t&gj;ij> irjd;a
];g&gj;ij fhl;bf; nfhLf;Fk; mwpFwpahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-24
gpuhf;Qd;
xU #l;Rk ruPuj;jpy; mgpkhdk; itf;Fk; NghJ ij[]d; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhd;.
<];tud; nkhj;j #l;Rk ruPuq;fis mgpkhdpf;Fk; NghJ `puz;afHg;gd; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpwhd;. ij[]d; xU #l;Rk ruPuj;ij mgpkhdp;g;gjhy; tpjtpjkhf
,Uf;fpwhd;. `puz;afHg;gd; rk\;b ruPu
mgpkhdpahf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
];Nyhfk;-25
kuq;fspd;
$l;lj;ij Njhg;G vd;fpNwhk;. ,e;j Njhg;igj;jhd; rk\;b vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU
jdp kuj;ij tpa\;b vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ.
jhjhj;k;ak; - mgpkhdk;> xd;iw jhdhf ghtpj;jy;
gpuhe;jp
jhjhj;k;ak; - jtwhy; xd;wpd; kPJ mgpkhdk; itj;jy;
[Ptdplk;
,j;jifa mgpkhdk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ngj
]`p\;Z jhjhj;k;ak; - NkNyhl;lkhf Ntw;Wik njupe;jhYk; mjd; mjp\;lhdj;jpy;
mgpkhdk; nfhs;Sjy;.
,J
<];tudpd; Qhdj;Jld; $ba mgpkhdk; itj;jy;.
vy;yh
[PtHfSila #l;Rk ruPuj;ij jhdhf mwpfpd;w fhuzj;jhy; `puz;afHg;gd; rk\;bahf
,Uf;fpwhH. mJ ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; `puz;afHg;gDf;F Ntwhf ,Uf;fpd;w [PtHfs; tpa\;b
vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.
];Nyhfk;-26
[PtHfSila
Nghfj;jpw;fhf mDgtpf;ff;$ba nghUl;fs>; mij mDgtpg;gjw;fhf ];J}y ruPuj;ij
gilg;gjw;fhf ,iwtd; Mfhrk; Kjypa Ie;J #l;Rk G+jq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; Ie;J tikahf
,Uf;FkhW gilf;fpwhH.
];Nyhfk;-27
#l;Rk
g+jq;fis ehk; ghHf;f KbahJ> mDgtpf;f ,ayhJ. mitfs; xt;nthd;Wk;
jdpj;jd;ikAld;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ,itfs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W xU Fwpg;gpl;l tpfpjj;jpy;
NrHf;Fk; NghJ ]J}y g+jq;fs; Njhw;wnkLf;fpwJ. ,itfisj;jhd; [PtHfs; mDgtpf;f
KbAk;. Mfhrk; Kjypy; ,uz;lhf rkkhf gpupj;J xU gFjpia NkYk; ehd;fhf rkkhf
gpupj;J kw;w ehd;F g+jq;fSf;F nfhLj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. ,Nj khjpup kw;w ehd;F
g+jq;fisAk; gphpj;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ijNa gQ;rpfuzk; vd;W $WtH.
];Nyhfk;-28
gQ;rpfuzj;jhy;
];J}y g+jq;fspypUe;J gpugQ;rk; Njhd;wpaJ. ,e;jg; gpugQ;rj;jpypUe;J gjpdhd;F
cyfq;fs; Njhd;wpd. mDgtpf;ff;$ba tp\aq;fs;> nghUl;fs;> Nghfj;ij
mDgtpf;Fk; ];J}y ruPuq;fs; Njhd;wpd. `puz;afHg;gdhf ,Ug;gtH rk\;b ];J}y
ruPuj;jpy; mgpkhdk; itf;Fk; NghJ it\;thdud; my;yJ tpuhl; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhH.
];Nyhfk;-29
[PtHfs;
];J}y ruPuj;jpy; mgpkhdk; itf;Fk; NghJ mtNd tp];td; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhd;.
[PtHfs; NjtHfs;> kpUfq;fs;> kdpjHfs;> jhtuq;fs; MfpaitfshfTk;
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. [PtHfspd; Jauj;jpw;F %yfhuzk; vd;d vd;gij $WfpwhH.
g;uj;af; jj;Jtk; - jd;Dila cz;ikahd ];t&gk;> Mj;k jj;Jtk;
Nghj4tptH[pjh – mf;Qhdk; ,y;yhik
ek;Kila
midj;J Jauq;fSf;Fk; %y fhuzk; mwpahik. [PtHfSf;F ,aw;ikapNy jd;idg;gw;wpa
mwpahikAld; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. mwpahikapd; Kjy; tpisT mj;ah]k;. xd;wpd; Nky; Ntnwhd;iw
Vw;wp itj;J mij mDgtpj;jNy mjah]k;. mtHfs; ntspNaAs;s ruPuk; Kjypa
tp\aq;fisj;jhd; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. jdf;F cs;NsapUf;fpd;w Mj;k
jj;Jtj;ij ghHf;f Kaw;rpg;gjpy;iy.
];Nyhfk;-30
rk;rhu
rf;fukhdJ tptupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ek;kplkpUe;J cUthFk; nray;fis nra;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. thf;fhy;> kdjhy; ,e;j nray;fis nra;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpNwhk;.
,jdhy; xUtpj ,d;gj;ij miltjhy; nray;fis nra;fpNwhk;. ehk; fHj;jhthf ,Ug;gJ
Nghf;jhthf ,Ug;gjw;fhfj;jhd;> Nghfj;ij mDgtpf;f nray; nra;fpd;Nwhk;.
,t;tpjkhf fHkk;-Nghfk;-fhkk; vd;w rf;fuj;jpy; Rod;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Nghfk;
vg;gb fHkj;ij nra;tjw;fhf mDgtpf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W tprhhpj;jhy; Nghfk;
]k;];fhuq;fis kdjpy; gjpT nra;fpd;wJ. ,J epidTf;F tUk;. kdjpy; vOk; epidTfs;
jpUk;g jpUk;g tUk;NghJ mJNt Mirahf cUntLf;fpwJ. ,e;j MirNa nraypy;
FhaNj fHk Nghfha – [PtHfs; Nghfj;ij mDgtpg;gjw;fhf
nraypy;
fHk fHJk; r GQ;[hj – fHkj;ij nra;gjw;F Nghfj;ij
mDgtpf;fpwhHfs;.
vdNt
[PtHfs; fHj;jhthfTk;> Nghf;jhthfTk; rk;rhhpahf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
vg;gb
ejpapy; tpOe;Jtpl;l GO xU nghpa ePHRoypypUe;J NtnwhU ePH RoYf;F fLk; Ntfj;Jld;
nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwNjh mJNghy [PtHfs; xU gpwtpapypUe;J NtnwhU gpwtpf;F nrd;W
nfhz;L kdtikjpia miltjpy;iy.
];Nyhfk;-31
ejpapy;
tpOe;Jtpl;l GOit mjd; Gz;zpa gyd; ntspg;gLk; NghJ ahNuh fUizAs;sk; nfhz;l
xUtdhy; ePupypUe;J ntspNa J}f;fptplg;gl;L fiuapYs;s kuj;jpd; epoiy mile;J vg;gb
Rfj;ij mDgtpf;FNkh tp];uhk;ae;jp - Xa;ntLj;jy;
];Nyhfk;-32
mt;tpjk;
[PtDila Gz;zpa fHk gydhdJ ntspg;gLk;NghJ jj;Jt jhprdk; ngw;w MrhhpaplkpUe;J
Nkyhd cgNjrj;ijg; ngw;W kdepiwit milfpwhHfs;. Ntjhe;j rputzk; vd;gJ
kfhthf;fpaj;jpd; nghUisg; gw;wpa mwpit mila cjTk; rhjdkhFk;. tpNtfk; vd;gJ
mdhj;khit Mj;khtpypUe;J gphpj;J Ghpe;J
nfhs;SjyhFk;. Ie;J Nfhrq;fis Mj;khtplkpUe;J gphpj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;SjNy
rputzkhFk;. gpuk;k ep\;ld; vd;gtd; Qhdj;jpd; gyid mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gtd;.
];Nuhj;jphpa FU vd;gtH Kiwg;gb Ntj rh];jpuj;ij FUtplkpUe;J cgNjrkhf ngw;wtH.
];Nyhfk;-33
md;dkak;>
gpuhzkak;> kNdhkak;> tpf;Qhdkak;> Mde;jkak; vd;fpd;w Ie;J Nfhrq;fshdJ
Mj;khit kiwj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. jd;Dila cz;ikahd ];t&gj;ij kwe;J tpl;ljhy;
rk;rhuj;ij mDgtpf;fpwhd;
];Nyhfk;-34
gQ;rPfuzj;jpd;
%ykhf #l;Rk g+jq;fspypUe;J Njhd;wpa ];J}y ruPuNk md;dka Nfhrk; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpwJ. #l;Rk ruPuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w uN[h Fzj;jpd; fhuzkhd Ie;J
gpuhzd;fs;> Ie;J fHNke;jpHpaq;fs; ,itfs; xd;W NrHe;J gpuhzka Nfhrkhfpd;wJ.
];Nyhfk;-35
#l;Rk
g+jq;fspd; rj;Jt Fzj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wpa QhNde;jphpaq;fSk;> kdKk; NrHe;J
kNdhka Nfhrkhfpd;wJ. NkYk; QhNde;jphpaq;fSld; vijAk; epr;rak; nra;fpd;w
rf;jpAila Gj;jp NrHe;J tpf;Qhdka Nfhrkhfpd;wJ.
];Nyhfk;-36
fhuz
ruPuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w kypd rj;Jtk; Mde;jka NfhrkhFk;. Fhuz ruPuj;jpy; mlHe;j
mwpahik> ght-Gz;zpaq;fs; ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpw;F tuhj epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
kdJf;Fs; tUfpd;w Mde;j vz;zq;fs; gpupa tpUj;jp> Nkhj tpUj;jp> gpuNkhj
tpUj;jp vd;W %d;W tifahf mjDila msitg; nghWj;J gphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
1.
ehk;
tpUk;gpag; nghUis ghHf;Fk; NghJ tUtj gphpa tpUj;jp
2.
tpUk;gpag;
nghUis milAk; NghJ tUtJ Nkhj tpUj;jp
3.
mile;jg;
nghUis mDgtpf;Fk; NghJ tUtJ gpuNkhj tpUj;jp
,it
%d;Wk; tpopg;G epiy> fdT epiy ,itfspy; kl;Lk; tUtJ. ,e;j Mde;jj;ij
gpujpgpk;g Mde;jk; vd;W rh];jpuk; $WfpwJ. ,e;j Mde;jj;ij mDgtf;Fk;NghJ Mde;jka
Nfhrj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf $wg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-37
];Nyhfk;-37
njhlq;fp ];Nyhfk;-48 tiu Ntjhe;j rputzk;> Ntjhe;j tprhukhf ,Uf;Fk;. xU [Ptd;
me;je;j Nfhrq;fSld; mgpkhdpj;J jhdhf ghtpf;Fk; NghJ Mj;khthfpa mtd; me;je;j
Nfhrj;ij cilatdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
Rputzk;
- ctep\j;jpYs;s fUj;Jf;fis FUKfkhf Nfl;lwpe;J tprhuk; nra;a cjTk; rhjdk;. ,e;j
tprhuj;jpd; NghJ md;ta t;ajpNufk; vd;w Af;jpia gad;gLj;jp gQ;rNfhrj;ij
gphpg;gjd; %lkhf Mj;khit mjpypUe;J gphpj;njLj;J gugpuk;kj;ij mila Ntz;Lk;.
md;ta
tpajpNufk; vd;why; vd;d?
,ij
,uz;L tpjkhd gyid miltjw;F gad;gLj;JfpNwhk;. Kjy;tpjk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l ,uz;L
nghUl;fspilNa fhHpa-fhuz rk;ge;jk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W njhpe;J nfhs;s cjTfpwJ.
md;tak; vd;gjw;F ,Uj;jy; vd;W nghUs;. tpahpNufk; vd;gjw;F ,y;yhik vd;W nghUs;.
xd;W ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mjNdhL rk;ge;jgLj;jp ghHf;fpd;w Ntnwhd;Wk; ,Uj;jy;. mNjhNghy
xd;W ,y;yhjpUf;Fk; NghJ mjNdhL rk;ge;jgLj;jp ghHf;fpd;w Ntnwhd;Wk;
,y;yhjpUj;jy;. cjhuzkhf> J}rp ,Ue;jhy; Jk;ky; tUfpwJ. J}rp ,y;iynad;why;
Jk;kYk; tUtjpy;iy. vdNt Jk;kYf;F J}rp epkpj;j fhuzk; vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
fspkz; ,Ue;jhy; ghid ,Uf;Fk;. mJ ,y;iynad;why; ghid ,y;iy. ,jpy; fspkz; ghidf;F
cghjhd fhuzk;. ehk; mDgtpf;fpd;w Jauj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ij ,e;j epahak; %yk; rhpahf
fz;L gpbf;fyhk;.
,uz;lhtJ
tifahdJ mDtpUj;jp-t;aht;Uj;jp epahak; vd;gjhFk;. ,jpy; ,uz;L NtWgl;l nghUl;fs;
NrHe;jpUf;Fk; NghJ ,uz;Lk; NtWgl;lJ vd;gij mwpa cjTfpwJ. ,e;j epahak; gphpj;J
ghHj;J Ghpe;j nfhs;shj tifapy; NrHe;J ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;fspypUe;J mitfis gphpj;J
ghHf;f cjTfpwJ. mDtpUj;jp vd;why; njhlHe;J nry;Yjy;. ,J xU epge;jidAld;
,Uf;Fk;. xU nghUs; ,y;yhj NghJ mij njhlHjy;. t;aht;Uj;jp vd;gJ ,y;yhky;
,Uj;jy;. mJ ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,J ,y;yhky; ,Uj;jy;. ,jpypUe;J ,uz;Lk; ntt;NtW vd;w
KbTf;F tuyhk;. Mj;kh vd;w jj;JtKk; gQ;rNfhrq;fSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W fye;J
,Uf;fpd;wJ. tpopg;Gepiyapy; clYk;> czHTk; NrHe;jpUf;fpd;wJ. vdNt
irjdaKk;> clYk; Ntwy;y vd;W KbT nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,ijg;gphpj;Jg; ghHf;f
mDt;Uj;jp-t;aht;Uj;jp epahaj;ij gad;gLj;jp tprhhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mj;khit
mDtpUj;jpahfTk; cliy t;aht;Uj;jpahfTk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ];J}y ruPuk;
tpsq;fhj NghJ Mj;kh tpsq;FfpwJ. Mj;kh tpsq;fhj NghJ ];J}y ruPuk; tpsq;FfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-38
,g;NghJ
];J}y ruPuj;jpypUe;J Mj;khit gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. fdT epiyapy; ];J}y cly;
,y;yhky; Mj;kh ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjdhy; fdtpy; tUk; tp\aq;fis mDgtpf;f KbfpwJ. ,J
md;tak;. Mj;khthd mwpT ];g&gk; gpufhrpf;Fk; NghJ ];J}y cly;
gpufhrpg;gjpy;iy. ,J tpajpNufk;. ,jpypUe;J Mj;khthdJ ];J}y ruPuj;ij fhl;bYk;
NtwhdJ vd;W mwpa KbfpwJ. tpopg;G epiyapy; ,uz;ilak; NrHj;J ehk; mDgtpg;gjhy; ,itfs;
ntt;NtW vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbtjpy;iy. fdT epiyapy; ];J}y cly; ,Ug;gij
czHtjpy;iy. mJ ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjhf mwpfpNwhk;. me;j epiyapy; Mj;khthdJ ,Uf;fpwJ.
mJ md;tak; (m) mDtpUj;jp vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. tpajpNufk; vd;gJ Mj;kh
gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj ];J}y clyhdJ gpufhrpf;fhky; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jpypUe;J
Mj;khTk;> ];j}y clYk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W ntt;Ntwhdit vd;w mwpit mila Ntz;Lk;.
];Nyhfk;-39
fdTepiyapy;
kdk; czHTkakhf ,Ug;gjhy; mJ [lkhdJ vd;W jPHkhdpf;f KbahJ. Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpy;
kdk; fhuzepiyf;F nrd;WtpLk; mij czu KbahJ. me;j epiyapYk; irjd;aj;jpd; gpufhrk;
,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; #l;Rk ruPuk gpufhrpf;fhky; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J md;tak; MfpwJ. me;j
epiyapy; ehd; vd;fpd;w irjd;ak; ,Ue;jhy;jhd; tpopj;jTld; ed;F cwq;fpNdd; vd;W
nrhy;y KbfpwJ. Mdhy; mJ gpufhrpj;Jf
nfhz;bUe;jJ vd;W ehk; mwpatpy;iy. tpajpNufk; vd;gJ Mj;kh ,Uf;Fk; NghJ #l;Rk
ruPuk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-40
me;j
#l;Rk ruPuj;ij gpupj;J mwpAk; tpNtfj;jpdhy; gpuhz> kNdh> Gj;jp Mfpa %d;W
Nfhrq;fis gphpf;fg;gl;ljhfpwJ. ,e;j %d;W Nfhrq;fs; #l;Rk ruPuj;jpy; cs;s
Fzq;fspd; Ntw;Wikapdhy; kl;LNk gpHpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-41
rkhjp
mt];ijapy; ve;jtpjkhd vz;zq;fSk; ,Uf;fhJ. mNj rkak; mwpahikAk; ,Uf;fhJ. Mj;kh
kl;Lk; ,Uf;Fk;. rkhjp mt];ijapy; fhuz ruPuk; ,y;yhj NghJ Mj;kh gpufhrpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gJ md;tak;. tpajpNufk; vd;gJ Mj;kh tpsq;Fk; NghJ fhuz ruPuk;
,Ug;gJ ,y;iy.
];Nyhfk;-42
vt;thW
KQ;rh vd;fpd;w Gy;ypDs;Ns ,Uf;fpd;w kpUJthd ,\Pfh vd;fpd;w jz;il ftdkhf cUtp
vLf;fpd;NwhNkh mt;thW jPuHfshy; %d;W ruPuq;fspypUe;J Af;jpapdhy;
cUtpnaLf;fg;gLk; Mj;kh gugpuk;kkhfNt MfptpLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-43
ve;jnthU
Qhdj;ijAk; mij juf;$baf; fUtpia> gpukhzj;ij gad;gLj;jpdhy;jhd; mila KbAk;.
gpukhzj;ij jtwhf gad;gLj;jpdhy; jtwhd mwpitAk; milfpNwhk;. gpukhzj;jpy; VjhtJ
Fiw ,Ue;jhYk; jtwhd mwpit milNthk;. jHf;fj;ij jtwhf gad;gLj;jpdhYk; jtwhd mwpit
milNthk;. vdNt gpukhzj;ij rhpahf ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
ehd; vd;gjd; cz;ikahd ];t&gj;ij mwptjw;F cgep\j;jhd; rhpahd
gpukhzk;. ,J rg;j&gkhd gpukhzk;. Thf;fpa &gkhf ,Ue;J mwpit Gfl;LfpwJ. xU
thf;fpak; ehd;F tpjj;jpy; mwpitf; nfhLf;Fk;. mitfs;
1. Kf;ah tpUj;jp – thf;fpaj;jpd; nghUis Nehpilahf
vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;. cjhuzkhf> je;ij tUfpwhH> ez;gd; Nghfpwhd;
2. nfsd tpUj;jp – ahidiag; Nghy; ele;J tUfpwhH vd;W
nrhy;Yk; NghJ> gUj;j cliyAila xUtH ele;J tUfpwhH vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
3. tpaQ;[dh tpUj;jp – nrhy;fpd;w ,lj;jpw;Nfw;wthW nghUl;
nfhs;Sjy;. cjhuzkhf> jha; Foe;ijaplk; MW kzpf;F gbf;f cl;fhu Ntz;Lk; vd;W
nrhy;ypapUf;Fk; NghJ kzp MW mbj;jhapw;W vd;W jha; nrhy;Yk; NghJ jhd; gbf;f
cl;fhu Ntz;Lk; vd;W Foe;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;.
4. yf;\zh tpUj;jp – mNahj;jp mOjJ vd;w thf;fpaj;jpy;
mNahj;jp tho; kf;fs; mOjhHfs; vd;W nghUl;f;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. mNjNghy gpuk;kj;ij
tpsf;Fk; thf;fpaj;jpd; Nehpilahd nghUis vLj;Jf; nfhs;shky; nrhy;y tpUk;Gk;
nghUis Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,J %d;W tifahf ,Uf;fpWJ.
4.1. [`y; yf;\zh - ,e;jpah tpisahbaJ
vd;w thf;fpaj;jpy; ,e;jpah vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis KotJk; tpl;Ltpl;L mjNdhL
rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,e;jpahtpy; trpf;Fk; tpisahl;L tPuu;fs; vd;w nghUis vLj;Jf;
nfhz;L me;j thf;fpaj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.
4.2. m[`y; yf;\zh – xU thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s xU
nrhy;ypDila nghUSld; Ntnwhd;iwAk; NrHj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ. ez;gd; NjdPH
mUe;Jtijg; ghHj;J jdf;Fk; xU Nfhg;ig Ntz;Lk; vd;w thf;fpaj;jpy;> Nfhg;igSld;
NjdPiuAk; NrHj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. rptg;G XLfpwJ vd;gjpy; rptg;G Fjpiu XLfpWJ
vd;W Ghpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
4.3. ghfj;ahf yf;\zh – thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s xU gFjpia
tpl;Ltpl;L kw;nwhU gFjpia vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ. gj;J tajpy; ghHj;j rpWtd;jhd; ,e;j
,isQd; vd;w thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s taij tpl;Ltpl;L me;j kdpjid kl;Lk; vLj;Jf;
nfhz;L Ghpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;. mNjNghy eP mJthf ,Uf;fpwha; vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ
Neubahd nghUs; rhpahf ,Uf;fhJ. eP> mJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;w [Ptd;>
<];tud; ,tHfSf;F ,ilNa ,Uf;Fk; Kuz;ghlw;w nghUis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Ghpe;J
nfhs;syhk;.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;:
Vtk;
gu mgu Mj;kNdh: - ,t;tpjk; gukhj;kh> [Ptd; ,UtUf;Fk;
Af;jpah
– Af;jpapd; %ykhf
]k;ghtpjh
Vfjh – xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;w jd;ik rk;gtpf;Fk;
vd;W mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
]h
– me;j xd;whf ,Uf;Fk; jd;ikahdJ
Ghf
j;ahf yf;\aNj – ghf jpahf yl;riz %yk; Ghpe;J
nfhs;syhk;.
];Nyhfk;-44
xU
nrhy;iy Nfl;lTld; vij kdk; Ghpe;J nfhs;SNkh mjw;F Kf;fpahHj;jk;>
thr;ahHj;jk; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzkhf mtd; rpq;fk; vd;W nrhy;fpd;w
thf;fpaj;jpy; mjDila thr;ahHjj;ij tpl;LtpLfpNwhk;. jj; j;tk; m]p vd;w
thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s jj; vd;w nrhy;yhdJ <];tuid Fwpf;fpwJ. mtUila yl;rzk;
$wg;gLfpwJ. <];tud; vd;w nrhy;ypy; mopahj gpuk;kDk;> ngha;ahd Njhw;wj;ij
cila khah vd;w mk;rKk; NrHe;jpUf;fpd;wJ. <];tud; khiaapd; Jizf;nfhz;L
[fj;Jf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;whH.
[fj`
aj; - ve;j gpuk;kd; [fj;jpd; ];U\;bf;F
Jhkh]Pk;
khah Mjha – khiaapYs;s jki] Jizf; nfhz;L
cghjhdk;
- cghjhd fhuzkhfpd;wNjh
]{j;j
]j;jtak; j;thk; - ve;j gpuk;kd; Rj;j rj;Jt gpujhd khia Jizf; nfhz;L
epkpj;jk;
- epkpj;j fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh
jj;
fp3uh cr;aNj - mijNa kfhthf;fpaj;jpYs;s “jj”; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F nghUshf nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-45
,jpy;
j;tk; gjj;jpw;fhd mHj;jk; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
Ajh
– vg;nghOJ
kypd
]j;j;thk; jhk; - kypd rj;Jtk; vd;fpd;w uN[h Fz mk;rkhd khiaia
fhk
fHkhjp J}\pjhk; - Mir> nray;fs;> fHkgyd;fs; Nghd;witfshy; jhf;fg;gl;l
khiaapd;
Mj3j;Nj
– Jizf;nfhz;L
jj;
guk; g;3u`;k – me;j gugpuk;kd;
j;tk;
gNj jjh cr;aNj – mg;NghJ me;j gpuk;kid j;tk;
gjj;jpdhy; Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. j;tk; gjj;jpd; thr;ahHj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
kfhthf;fpaj;jpd; j;tk; vd;w gjk; [Ptid Fwpf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-46
,jpy;
ghfj;ahf yl;riz %yk; [Pt-<];tu If;fpak; epiyehl;lg;gLfpwJ.
%d;W
Fzq;fis cila khiaia tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;. mitfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Ntw;WikAld; ,Uf;fpwJ.
Njr> fhy> t];J ,itfshy; NtWglhj> gpsTglhj ]j;> rpj;> Mde;j
];t&gkhf ,Uf;fpd;w kfhthf;fpaj;jhy;( eP mJthf ,Uf;fpwha;) Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-47
cjhuz
thf;fpakhd “rpW tajpy; ghHj;j mtNd ,e;j ,isQd;” vd;w thf;fpaj;jpy; ,isQDf;Fk;>
rpWtDf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s Ntw;Wikia tpl;Ltpl;L xd;whf ,Uf;Fk; gFjpia kl;Lk;
vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Ghpe;J nfhs;tijg; Nghy [Ptd;> <];tud; Mfpa nrhw;fspd;
If;fpaj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
];Nyhfk;-48
Nkw;$wpa
cjhuzj;jpd;gb [Pt> <];tud; MfpNahhplj;jpy; cs;s cghjpfshd mtpj;ah>
khia mwptpdhy; ePf;fptpl;L ,Uthplj;jpYk; cs;s If;fpaj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
cghjp
vd;gjw;F nghUs;> ve;jnthU t];J jd;Dila ];t&g mk;rj;ij jd;dUfpy; ,Uf;Fk;
Ntnwhd;wpw;F ngha;ahf nfhLf;FNkh mjw;F cghjp vd;W ngaH. cjhuzk;: rptg;G kyH
jd;dUNf ,Uf;fpd;w ];gbfj;jpw;F rptg;G epwj;ij ngha;ahf nfhLg;gjhy; kyUf;F cghjp
vd;W ngaH. mNjNghy gpuk;kDf;F khah vd;w cghjp jd;Dila Fzq;fis nfhLj;J
<];tudhf epidf;f itf;fpwJ. mwpahik vd;w cghjp jd;Dila Fzq;fis nfhLj;J
Mj;khit [Ptdhf itj;jpUf;fpwJ. khah jd;Dila jHkj;ij ngha;ahf <];tuDf;F
ngha;ahf nfhLg;gjhy;> mtpj;ah jd;Dila jHkj;ij [PtDf;F ngha;ahf nfhLg;gjhy;
mitfs; cghjp vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L cghjpfisAk; tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;.
gpsTglhj> vd;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;w> mwpT ];t&gkhdJk;> vq;Fk; tpahgpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w gugpuk;kj;ijj;jhd “jtk;” vd;w gjj;jpw;F nghUshf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,Jtiu
ghfj;ahf yl;riz %yk; kfhthf;fpak; tpsf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
];Nyhfk;-49
Qhdk;
mile;j gpwFk; gy jilfs; tuyhk;. Qhdg;gyid mDgtpf;f Kbahky; Nghtjw;F gy jilfs;
tuyhk;. mitfspy; xd;W re;Njfk;. Qhdk; gyid juj;jilahf ,Uf;fpd;w ,e;j re;Njfj;ij
ePf;Ftjw;F cjTfpd;w rhjdNk kddk; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j re;Njfk; tUtjw;fhd
fhuzj;ij fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. xU mwpit mila gad;gLj;Jk; ,uz;L gpukhzq;fs; ntt;Ntwhd
mwpit nfhLg;gjhy; re;Njfk; tUfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiyapy; ve;j gpukhzk; cz;ikahdJ
vd;gij fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF cz;ikahd gpukhzj;jpd; %yk; milAk; mwpit cWjp
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ehk; mile;j mwptpy; FiwNaJk; ,y;iy vd;W cWjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mNj rkak; Fiw nrhy;gtdpd mwptpy;jhd; Fiwfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W ep&gpj;J
xJf;fptpl Ntz;Lk;.
Nfs;tp – gpuk;kd; epHFzkhdJ vd;Wk;> gpsTglhjJ vd;Wk;
cgep\j; Nehpilahf tpsf;fhky; yl;riz %yk; tpsf;fpapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;LNk fpilahJ
vd;Wk;. ,itfs; ntWk; fw;gizahd vz;zk;jhd; vd;Wk;> ,e;j ];t&gj;Jld;
,Uf;Fk; gpuk;kid yl;rpahHj;jk; %yk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpuk;kd; epHFzkh?
rFzkh? vd;w Nfs;tpnaOk;NghJ rFzk; vd;why; mJ mepj;akhfptpLk;. ,j gpuk;k
yl;rizf;F vjpuhf ,Ug;gjhy; epuhfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. epHFzk; vd;W ghHf;Fk;NghJ mij
tpsf;f KbahJ. Vndd;why; yl;rpahHj;jk; nra;Ak;NghJ thr;ahHj;jj;jpd;
rk;ge;jgl;lijjhd; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpuk;kd; m]q;f ];t&gk; vjNdhLk;
rk;ge;jg;glhjJ. mg;gbapUf;Fk; NghJ vg;gb yl;rpahHj;jkhf epHFz gpuk;kj;ij tpsf;f
KbAk;? MfNt epHFz gpuk;kid vjdhYk; tpsf;f KbahJ.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;
gpuk;kd;
mDkhdq;fSld; $ba yl;rpahHjj;jhy; tpsf;fg;gl;lhy; mJ epj;akhdjhf ,Uf;fhJ.
gpuk;kkhdJ epHFzkhdJ> gpsTglhjJ vd;W yl;riz %yk; tpsf;fg;gl;lhy;>
mg;gbg;gl;l xd;iw ghHf;ftpy;iy vd;whfp tpLk;. ,Jtiyapy; epHFz gpuk;kj;ij
yl;rizahf vq;Fk; tpsf;ftpy;iy> tpsf;fTk; KbahJ.
];Nyhfk;-50
Ie;Jtpjkhd Fiwfisg; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;
1. t;ahfh3j Njh\k; (Kuz;gLfpd;w Fiw);
- xU thf;fpaj;ij Nfl;lTlNd mjpy; Kuz;ghL ,Ug;gJ njhpe;JtpLk;. (c-k;) ehd; Cik
vd;W xUtd; nrhd;dhy;> me;j thf;fpaj;jpNy Kuz;ghL ,Ug;gij clNd njhpe;J tpLfpwJ.
2. Mj;kh];ua Njh\k; (jd;idNa
rhHe;jpUj;jy;) – ehd; vd;Dila Njhs; kPJ epd;W
nfhz;bUf;fpNwd; vd;w thf;fpaj;ij Nfl;lTlNd mjpy; ,Uf;Fk; jtiw czu KbAk;.
Xd;wpDila ,Ug;Gf;F> cUthFtjw;F> nray;gLtjw;F mJNt fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJjhd;
mjpYs;s Fiw.
3. md;Nahd;a M];uak; (xd;iwnahd;W
rhHe;jpUj;jy;) – ehd; Nkir kPJ epw;fpNwd;> Nkir
vd; kPJ epw;fpwJ. ,e;j thf;fpaj;jpy; md;Nahd;a M];ua Fiw ,Uf;fpwJ.
4. rf;uf3k;; Njh\k; (Rw;wp
Rw;wp tUjy;) jpUk;g jpUk;g xNu nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy; ,Uf;fpd;w thf;fpak;
5. mdt];jh Njh\k; (Kbtpd;wp nry;Yjy;) – tpijapypUe;J kuk; te;jjh>
kuj;jpypUe;J tpij te;jjh vd;w thf;fpak; ,e;j Fiwia cilaJ.
Fzk;
vd;gJ xU nghUspd; jd;ikia Fwpf;fpwJ. mJNt jdpahf ,Uf;fhJ. VjhtJ xu nghUisr;
rhHe;Jjhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
Fzk;
VNjh xd;iw rhHe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk vd;W $wpdhy; mg;gbahdhy; me;jnthd;W Fzj;Jld; $bajh? my;yJ rFzkh?
epHFzk;
vd;W nrhd;dhy; t;ahfhj Njh\k; te;JtpLk;.
Fzj;Jld;
$baJ vd;W nrhd;dhy;> nghUisr; rhHe;j FzKk;> tpsf;fg;NghFk; FzKk; xd;wh?
ntt;Ntwh?
mitapuz;Lk;
xd;W vd;W nrhd;dhy; mg;NghJ Mj;kh];ua Njh\k; te;J tpLk;. ntt;NtW vd;W nrhd;dhy;
md;Nahd;a M];ua Njh\k; te;JtpLk;. ,ij jtpHj;J NtnwhU Fzj;ij $WfpNwd; vd;why;
rf;r Njh\k; Vw;gl;L tpLk;. ehd;fhtJ Fzj;ij nrhy;y Muk;gpj;jhy; mdt];jh Njh\k;
te;J tpLk;.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;
tpfy;g`-
gpsthdJ
epHtpfy;g];a
]tpfy;g];a th g4Ntj – gpsTglhjij rhHe;jjh my;yJ gpsTgl;lij rhHe;jjh?
Mj;3Na
– tpfy;gkhd epHtpfy;gj;ij rhHe;jJ
vd;why;
t;ahfhj
– tpahfhj Fiw te;J tpLk;
md;aj;u
– gpsthdJ gpsTgl;lij rhHe;jjh Nghd;w
kw;w ,lq;fspy; md;aj;u Fiw te;JtpLk;> Mj;kh];ua FiwAk; te;JtpLk;.
];Nyhfk;-51
,e;j
cyfj;jpYs;s ve;jnthd;wpw;Fk; tpt];ijNa fpilahJ. mjdhy;jhd; kpj;ahthf ,Uf;fpwJ.
ehk; cyfj;jpy; ekf;F ghJfhg;G nfhLf;fpd;w t];JitNa ehbf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
Mdhy; cz;ikapy; vjw;Fk;; ghJfhg;G nfhLf;Fk; rf;jp fpilahJ.
,e;j
FiwahdJ (yl;rzk; nfhLf;f Kbahj Fiw) Fzj;jpy;> nraypy;> r%fj;jpy;>
nghUl;fspy;> cwTfspy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; nghUe;JfpwJ. mj;ah]k; mjp\;lhd
rk;ge;jj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;> mjp\;;lhdj;jpw;F mjah]j;jpdhy; ve;jtpj ghjpg;Gk;
fpilahJ. gpuk;kj;jpd; kPJ ,e;j [fj; Vw;wp itf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjhy;> ,e;j
rk;ge;jj;ij itj;J yl;rpahHj;jkhf tpsf;f KbfpwJ. [fj;Jk; kpj;ah> rk;ge;jKk;
kpj;ah. vdNt rk;ge;jj;jpdhY; gpuk;kj;jpw;F ve;j ghjpg;Gk; fpilahJ. mjdhy;
[fj;ij tpsf;f Kbahj fhuzj;jhy; ,itaidj;Jk; ]t&gj;jpy; Vw;wp
itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
];Nyhfk;-52
Mj;khthf
tpsq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w t];Jtpy; vjNdhLk; rk;ge;jg;glhJ rq;fkaw;W
,Uf;fpd;wJk;> Ntw;Wikfs; vJTk; ,y;yhjjhy; njhlg;glhjJ.
Ntw;WikfSilaJ
vd;Wk;> yl;rpahHj;jj;jhy; mwpaf;$baJ vd;Wk; cyfj;NjhL rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gJk;
Nghd;witfshy; fw;gidahf Vw;wp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gpuk;kd; ghtj;NjhLk;
rk;ge;jg;glhjJ> mghtj;NjhLk; rk;ge;jg;glhjJ. ,Uf;fpwijAk; tHzpf;fhJ>
,y;yhjijAk; thzpf;fhJ vd;gjhYk; ,y;yhjJ vd;gjhYk; njhlg;glhjJ. gpuk;kdplj;jpy;
,itfnsy;yhk; fw;gid nra;ag;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ. cgep\j; fw;gid nra;Js;s yl;rizia itj;J
,Ug;gij ePf;fp gpuk;kj;ij cgNjrpf;fpwJ. mj;ah]j;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;L rk;ge;jj;ij
nrhy;yp gpuk;kj;ij tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-53
kfhthf;fpaj;jpd
Jizf;nfhz;L> Mjhukhff;nfhz;L ,t;tpjk; Nkw;$wpa [Pt-<];tu gj3
tprhuj;jpd;gb ,UtUf;FkpilNa cs;s If;fpaj;ij jpUk;g jpUk;g ed;whf GhpAk; tiuapy;
rpe;jpj;J nfhz;bUg;gNj rputzkhFk;. mDkhdj;jpd; %yk;> jHf;fj;jpd; %yk;
rputzj;jhy; Ghpe;J nfhz;l [Pt-gpuk;k If;fpaj;jpy; ve;j re;NjfKk; ,y;yhj mwpit
mila Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mwpit cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s nra;fpd;w rhjdNk kddk;
vd;gjhFk;.
];Nyhfk;-54
ek;
Gj;jpapy; ,Uf;fpd;w %d;W jilfSk; rputzj;jhYk;> kddj;jhYk; nrd;WtpLk;.
cgep\j;jpd; kfhthf;fpaj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;shky; ,Uf;Fk; jil rputzk; nra;tjhy;
nrd;WtpLk;. gpuNkak; vd;gJ gugpuk;kj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,jd; ];t&gk; ,g;gb
,Ug;gJ vg;gb rhj;jpakhFk; vd;fpd;w re;Njfj;ij kdd rhjdk; %yk; ePf;fptplyhk;.
,dp epjpj;ah]dj;jpd; yl;rzk; $wg;gLfpwJ. %d;whtJ jilahd tpguPj ghtdhthdJ
epjpj;ah]d rhjdk; %yk; ePf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. rk;rhuj;jpy; itj;jpUf;fpd;w kdij
mjpypUe;J kPl;nlLf;Fk; rf;jp vjw;F ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij tprhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mwpT
te;jJk; khw;wk; te;JtpLkh? my;yJ mJNt khw;wj;jpw;F jilahf ,Uf;Fkh? Rpy
rkaq;fspy; mile;j mwpNt khw;wj;ij nfhLg;gjw;F jilNaw;glyhk;. me;j jilia
ePf;fpdhy;jhd; mjd; gyid milNthk;. ek;kplj;jpy; Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk; kdjpYs;s;
rk;];fhuq;fshy; ,j;jifa jilfs; tUk;. gy gpwtpfspy; mile;j ,e;j
rk;];fhuq;fisj;jhd; tpguPj ghtdh vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jj; jilia epjpj;ah]dk;
%yk; ePf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;.
ek;Kila
rk;];fhuq;fs; ,uz;L tifahf gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mitfs; rhkhd;a rk;];fhuq;fs;>
tpNr\ rk;];fhuq;fs; MFk;. rhkhd;akhdJ ];J}y cly;> kdij ehd; vd;W
epidj;Jf;nfhz;L tho;tJ. ,J vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthdJ. tpNr\khdJ vd;gJ xt;nthUk;
xt;nthU tpjkhf tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJ. tho;tpy; VjhtJ xUtifapy; kdj;Jauj;ij
mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. rpytifapdH ,og;ig jhq;f Kbahky; Jaug;gl;Lf;
nfhz;bUg;ghHfs; my;yJ mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kdepiyAld; nray;gl;Lf;
nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. ,ij Rygkhf ePf;fpf;
nfhs;s KbahJ. ,ij ePf;f cjTk; rhjdNk epjpj;ah]dk;. epjpj;ah]dKk; rhkhd;ak;>
tpNr\k; vd;W ,uz;L tifahf ,Uf;fpwJ. rhkhd;a rk;];fhuq;fspypUe;J tpLgl cjTk;
rhkhd;a epjpj;ah]dk tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. rputz mg;ah]Nk epjpj;ah]dkhfpd;wJ. cgep\j;
fUj;Jf;fis kdjpw;Fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;L tUjy; rhkhd;a epjpj;ah]dk;. ,J
rhkhd;a tpguPj ghtidia ePf;f cjTk;.
Mo;e;j
kdjpypUf;Fk; gytPdq;fis ePf;Ftjw;F cjTfpd;wJ mjpf Kaw;rpAld; nra;a Ntz;ba jpahd
tbt epjpj;ah]dk;. ,g;gbgl;l tpNr\ rk;];fhuq;fis ePf;Ftjw;F jdpahf fhyk; xJf;f
Ntz;Lk;. jdpahd ,lj;jpy; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. gak; mjpfkhf cs;stHfs; ehd; gakw;wtd;
vd;Wk;> ghr tiyapy; tPo;e;jpUg;gtHfs; ehd; gw;ww;td; vd;Wk; jpahdpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ehNd gugpuk;kd; vd;W jpahdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ij [gk; gz;zf;$lhJ>
rg;jj;jpy; ftdk; nrd;Wtplf;$lhJ. Jpahdk; nra;fpd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis kdjpy;
epiyepWj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F fbd ciog;G> fLk; Kaw;rp Njitg;gLk;. vdNt
tplhKaw;rpAld; njhlHe;J nra;J nfhz;L tu Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j jpahd&g
epjpj;ah]dkhdJ ,dpNky; tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jpahd&g epjpj;ah]dj;jpd; mtrpak;
ehnky;NyhUk;
Njitahd msT cgh]id nra;J kdij jFjpgLj;jhky; Ntjhe;jj;ij gbf;f te;J tpl;lhy;
kdij xU ,lj;jpy; nghUj;jp mjpNyNa epiyj;J epw;f Kbahky; Ngha; tpLfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd;
,e;j tpjkhd jpahdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;:
,jpy
jpahd&g epjpjah]dj;jpd yl;rizia $WfpwhH. rputz> kddj;jpd; Jizf;nfhz;L
re;Njfk; ePq;fg;ngw;w Mj;k ];t&g tp\aj;ij kdjpy; jhuizahf nghUj;jp itj;jpUf;f
NtzLk;. gpwF me;j xNu vz;zj;ijNa njhlHe;J kdjpy; epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUj;jNy ,t;thW
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-55
Jpahdj;ij
njhlHe;J nra;gjdhy; mjpNyNa caHe;j epiyia milNthk;. ,e;j epiyiaNa rkhjp vd;W
$wg;gLfpwJ.
rkhjp epiy tprhuk;
rpyH
kdij jpahdj;jpNy njhlHe;J itj;jpUg;ghHfs;. vjhtJ xU tp\aj;ij njhlHe;J jpahdpj;J
mjd; gydhf kdij me;j tp\aj;jpy; Ftpg;gjpNy ntw;wpaile;J rkhjp epiyia milthHfs;.
,e;j epiyahdJ rtpfy;g rkhjp>
epHtpfy;g rkhjp vd;W ,uz;L tifahf gphpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;fpwJ. tpfy;gj;Jld; $baJ
rtfy;g rkhjp> tpfy;gkw;wJ epHtpfy;g rkhjp. Tpfy;gk; vd;gJ Ntw;Wikia
Fwpf;fpwJ. vg;gbgl;l Ntw;Wik vd;why; fHk tptfhuj;jpy; nra;gtd;> nrag;gLk;
nghUs; vd;gJk;. Qhd tptfhuj;jpy; mwpgtd;. mwpag;gLk; nghUs; vd;gJk; cz;L. ,q;Nf
jpahdpg;gtd;> jpahdpf;fg;gLk; nghUs;> jpahdk; vd;w nray; Mfpaitfs;
Ntw;Wikfshf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j Ntw;WikfSld; $ba rkhjp rtpfy;g rkhjpahFk;. ,e;j
jpahdpg;gtd;> jpahdk; vd;W Ntw;Wikfspy;yhj epiyNa epHtpfy;g rkhjpahFk;.
vg;gb cwf;f epiyapy; fhyk; njhpatpy;iyNah mg;gbNa ,e;j epiyapy; fhyk;
njhptjpy;iy. rpyUf;F g+Ht n[d;k Gz;zpa rk;];fhuj;jpdhy; rkhjp epiyia milthHfs;.
Ntjhe;jj;jpy rkhjpapdhy; vd;d gad; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. MNuhf;fpakhd
cly; kpfTk; mtrpak;. kdij Ntjhe;j rputzk;> kddk; nra;tjw;F Njitahd msT
Ftpf;f Kaw;rpnra;a Ntz;Lk;. Ntjhe;jj;jpd; yl;rpak; Mj;k Qhdj;ij mile;J mjpy;
epiy ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ,ij miltjw;F ve;j msT jpahdk; nra;a Ntz;LNkh me;j
msTf;F jpahdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,yl;rpaj;ij mile;jJk; jpahdj;ij tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;.
jpahdj;jpdhy; tpf;N\gnky;yhk; ePq;fp Qhdj;ij mile;J> Qhd ep\;ilAk; ngw;whYk;
,e;j rkhjp epiy tuyhk;> tuhkYk; Nghfyhk;. Nkhl;rk; vd;gJ rhjhuzkhf tho;e;J
nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kdepiwTld; ,Ug;gjhFk;. Rkhjp vd;gJ Nkhl;rj;jpd;
mwpFwpNah> fhhpa> fhuzNkh my;y.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;
,jpy;
epHtfy;g rkhjpiag; gw;wp $wg;gLfpwJ.
jpahdpg;gtd;>
jpahdk; vd;fpd;w nray; Mfpa ,uz;LNk ,e;j rkhjpapd; NghJ fpukg;gb nrd;W tpLfpwJ.
mjhtJ ehd; jpahdpg;gtd; vd;w czHT nrd;W tpLfpwJ. gpwF jpahdk; nra;fpNwd; vd;w
czHTk; nrd;W tpLfpwJ. kdkhdJ jpahdpf;fpd;w tp\aj;ij kl;Lk; epidj;Jf; nfhz;L
,Uf;Fk;. fhw;wpy;yhj ,lj;jpy; jPgk; mirahky; vhpe;J nfhz;bUg;gij Nghy kdkhdJ
njhlHe;J rQ;rykiy;yhky;> mirtw;W> mikjpahf ,Uf;fpd;w epiyNa rkhjpahFk;.
];Nyhfk;-56
ek;
kdjpy; VnjhnthU vz;zk; kl;Lk; njhlHe;J ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. me;j vz;zj;jpw;fhd
tp\ak; jpahdpf;fg;gLk; tp\akhFk;. ,jpy;
ehd; vd;w tpUj;jp fpilahJ. mjdhy; fhyKk; njhpatpy;iy. jpahdj;jpy; ,Uf;fpNwd;
vd;w czHTk; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j epiyapy; ehd; vd;w czHT
,y;yhjjhy;> jpahdpf;Fk; tp\aj;ij vg;gb mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ vd;w re;Njfk;
ekf;F tUfpd;wJ. mjw;F ,e;j ];Nyhfj;jpy; gjpy; jug;gLfpwJ. rkhjp epiyapy;
tpUj;jpf;F tp\aNk ,y;iy.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;
epHtpfy;g
rkhjpapy; vz;zq;fs; mwpag;glhj NghjpYk; Mj;khit tp\akhff; nfhz;l tpUj;jpfs;
,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. rkhjpapypUe;J vOe;jgpd; ,Uf;fpd;w Qhgfj;jhy; Cfpf;fg;gLfpwJ>
mDkhdk; nra;ag;gLfpWJ. rkhjpapypUe;J tpopj;jgpd; Njhd;Wfpd;w tp\aq;fs;jhd;
Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk; vd;w epajpg;gbAk; ,ij
cWjp nra;J nfhs;syhk;.
];Nyhfk;-57
,d;ndhU
re;NjfkhdJ vOg;gg;gl;L mjw;fhd gjpy; jug;gLfpwJ. ek; kdjpy VjhtJ vz;zk; tu
Ntz;Lkhdhy; VjhtJ xU gpukhzj;ij gad;gLj;jp ,Ug;Nghk;. Rpy rkaq;fspy; kdjpypUf;Fk;
Mirapd; fhuzkhf vz;zq;fs; tuyhk;. Mdhy; rkhjpapy; ve;jtpj Kaw;rpAk; ,y;yhky;
mkHe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ vg;gb xNu vz;zk; njhlHe;J Xbf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ? mjd;
fhuzk; vd;d?
Kjy;
fhuzk; fz;Zf;F njhpahj ehk; nra;j g+Ht Gz;zpaj;jpd gydhf ,J tUfpd;wJ. ,uz;lhtJ
fhuzk; ehk; njhlHe;J gapw;rp nra;J ,Ug;gjdhy; Kaw;rpapd;wp xNu vz;zk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
ehk; xU vz;zj;ij kl;Lk; jpahdj;jpy kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; tplhKaw;rpAld; jpahdj;J
nfhz;bUe;jhy; mJNt nfhQ;r fhyj;jpw;F gpwF ve;jtpj Kaw;rpapy;yhky; njhlHe;J
kdjpy; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ehk; J}q;fpagpd; vOe;J nfhs;tjw;F fhuzk;
ght-Gz;zpaq;fshy;jhd;. ,itfs;jhd; [Ptid gpuhug;j gyid miltjw;F ruPuj;jpy kPz;Lk;
mgpkhdk; itf;fpd;wJ. mJNghy xUtDila Gz;zpa gydhy;jhd; epHtpfy;g rkhjpia mila
KbfpwJ.
];Nyhf tpsf;fk;
xNu
xU vz;zj;jpd; njhlHr;rpia rkhjp njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J Kaw;rpf;f;g gLfpwJ. gyKiw>
tplhKaw;rpAld; nra;jjhy; g+Ht Gz;zpa gydhYk; rk;];fhuj;ij nfhLj;J tpLfpwJ.
kdjpy; ,jDila thridfs; gjpa itj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jDila cjtpapdhy; njhlH vz;z Xl;lk;
rk;gtpf;fpwJ.
];Nyhfk;-58
vt;tpjk;
fhw;wpy;yhj ,lj;jpy; cs;s jPgk; mirahky; vhpfpd;wNjh mt;tpjk; gy vz;zq;fsw;W
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